FACTORS FOR WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY FOR WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES. LITERATURE REVIEW
Abstract
Background. Gestational diabetes (GD) is carbohydrates disorder that develops during pregnancy. GD and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) cause short-term and long-term complications for mother and offspring. Today we apply general recommendations for gestational weight gain for mothers that are diagnosed with GD while risk factors (RF) for EGWG are not valued.
Objectives. To identify common risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain during pregnancy for women diagnosed with GD.
Methods. Literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Publications in English 2010 - 2021 years were selected using keywords and according to if they met the inclusion criteria.
Results. There were 29 out of 1457 publications selected with 34576 women diagnosed with GD. Identified RF for EGWG: 1) body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy >25kg/m2 increased risk by 2,48-5,06 fold (3 studies, n=3780), however some authors observed negative EGWG and BMI correlation (2 studies, n=933, r from -0,283 to -0,49, p<0,01); 2) higher fasting glucose in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (6 studies, n=4760); 3) lower 1 hour glucose in OGTT (3 studies, n=3560); 4) higher glycated hemoglobin (4 studies, n=3937); 5) insulin or glyburide or metformin therapy compared with diet (p<0,001, p=0,003, p<0,02, p=0,015, p=0,001, 5 studies, n=4993); 6) GD diagnosed after 20th and 24th week of gestation (2 studies, n=1765); 7) GD diagnosed before 12 week of gestation resulted in lower EGWG (1 study, n=4808).
Conclusions. Findings of RV for excessive GWG in mothers diagnosed with GD are not homogeneous. In many studies higher BMI before pregnancy, fasting plasma glucose, insulin therapy and later GD diagnosis were significant risk elements. Identification of RF is important to apply prevention for excessive GWG.
