Endometrial Microbiota and Its Impact on Female Reproductive Function: A Review of the Scientific Literature

Abstract

Summary.  Aim of the study. To review the composition of endometrial microbiota, find diagnostic and treatment options for chronic endometritis, endometriosis, uterine polyps, and cancer, that may improve fertility outcomes for infertile women.  Methods. A literature review was conducted by searching scientific publications in the PubMed database. The following keywords were used: „endometrial microbiota”, „infertility” and „microbiome”. 33 articles published within the last ten years that met the inclusion criteria were selected for analysis. Results. The endometrial microbiota is characterized by a low biomass but high heterogeneity, allowing various interpretations. Although most emphasize the dominance of Lactobacillus species, others suggest that these findings are contaminated with vaginal microbiota. It‘s implied that an endometrial microbiota composed of more than 90% Lactobacillus species promotes endometrial receptivity and reduces the risk of miscarriage.  Conclusions.  Modulation of the endometrial microbiota through appropriate interventions suppress pathogenic microorganisms and promote the treatment of chronic endometritis or endometriosis. A non-pathogenic endometrial microbiota enhances the success of implantation.

Keywords: endometrial microbiota, infertility, microbiome.