PERINEAL TEARS AFTER CHILDBIRTH: A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS

Abstract

Perineal tears are a common complication of vaginal delivery. Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears, referred to as obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS), represent the most severe form and are associated with significant short- and long-term sequelae. Despite the availability of international clinical guidelines, clinical practice regarding the diagnosis, surgical management and postpartum care of severe perineal tears remains variable. This article reviews the main international guidelines addressing the prevention, timely recognition, surgical management, and perioperative and postpartum care of perineal tears, with particular emphasis on aspects relevant to daily obstetric practice.