MANAGEMENT OF GENITOURINARY SYNDROME OF MENOPAUSE IN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a common and clinically significant condition in women with breast cancer undergoing endocrine therapy. The primary aim of endocrine treatment is to suppress endogenous estrogen production; however, profound hypoestrogenism frequently leads to genitourinary symptoms. Estrogen deficiency induces structural and functional changes in the lower genitourinary tract, particularly affecting the vaginal mucosa and external genital tissues, thereby significantly impairing quality of life. The aim of this literature review is to summarize current evidence on the management of GSM in women with breast cancer. Treatment strategies discussed include lifestyle modifications, complementary and alternative approaches, nonhormonal therapies, and hormonal treatment. Although nonhormonal therapies are generally considered first-line treatment, low-dose vaginal estrogen therapy may be considered in selected patients after individual risk assessment and in consultation with the treating oncologist.