MicroRNAs as Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Endometriosis.

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the significance of microRNAs and their potential as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of endometriosis based on scientific literature. Methods. A literature review was conducted using the „Google Scholar“, „PubMed“, and „ScienceDirect“ databases. Publications on the biological functions of microRNAs, their expression changes in endometriosis, and their diagnostic application in biological fluids were selected. Articles published in English between 2016 and 2026 were analyzed. Results. MicroRNAs are involved in key processes of endometriosis pathogenesis. Individual microRNAs may be associated with disease mechanism. However, their diagnostic utility is limited due to the heterogeneity of the disease. Combined microRNA panels demonstrate greater diagnostic potential. Promising biological sources for endometriosis diagnosis include vaginal secretions and saliva. Nevertheless, the clinical application of these biomarkers remains limited due to methodological differences between studies and lack of standardization. Conclusions. MicroRNAs have significant diagnostic potential in endometriosis. However, further large-scale and standardized studies are required for their clinical application.