ALPHA-GAL SYNDROME: FROM TICK BITE TO CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ALLERGY

Abstract

Alpha-gal syndrome is a rare immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated allergic condition in which the body becomes
sensitized to the carbohydrate galactose-α-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), found in mammalian (e.g., beef, pork, lamb) meat. This syndrome most commonly develops after a tick bite, which triggers an immune response and the production of specific IgEn antibodies. Unlike most food allergies, symptoms occur as delayed reactions—typically within 3–6 hours after consuming rednmeat — and may include urticaria, pruritus, gastrointestinal symptoms, or even anaphylaxis. Diagnosis is based on anamnesis and detection of specific IgE to alpha-gal, while the mainstay of management is strict avoidance of triggering foods and preparation to manage acute allergic reactions.