LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF GRADE III–IV PERINEAL TEARS IN LABOUR FOR WOMEN. A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract

The aim. To review the most common long-term consequences of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears, their prevalence, and treatment principles. Methods. A 2013–2023 literature review was conducted using the PubMed database and relevant keywords. Results. Women who exp erienced third- and fourth-degree perineal tears were more likely to suffer from sexual dysfunction and prolonged perineal pain compared to those who did not experience such tears. Nearly one-third of the affected women reported urinary incontinence, while more than half experienced fecal and gas incontinence. Additionally, pelvic organ prolapse was observed more frequently in later years. Conclusions. Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears are associated with dyspareunia, perineal pain, urinary, fecal, and gas incontinence, and pelvic organ prolapse.