ADVANCES IN THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, AND PREVENTION OF PERINATAL DEPRESSION

Abstract

Perinatal depression is a health condition that includes both prenatal (during pregnancy) and postpartum
(after childbirth) depression, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). It can affect any pregnant or postpartum woman. The exact cause of the disorder is unclear; however, psychological, obstetric, social, and biological risk factors have been identified. Family history and lifestyle also have a significant influence. Perinatal depression is diagnosed when at least five depressive symptoms are present for two weeks or longer. Undiagnosed and untreated perinatal depression has negative consequences for both the mother and the newborn. Early diagnosis and prevention can help avoid the effects of this illness. Recently, advances in genetics have provided new insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. Both globally and in Lithuania, programs are in place for the prevention of postpartum depression and other mental health disorders