FERTILITY AND CANCER TREATMENT

Abstract

Aim. To review the effect of cancer treatment on the fertility of patients of reproductive age, the fertility disturbance mechanisms, and the impact on patient condition after treatment. Methods. A literature search and analysis were conducted from the “PubMed” database. Results. Fertility decline after cancer treatment is associated with physical and mental health disorders and depends on patient’s age, treatment method, intensity, and duration. Alkylating agents or cisplatin and radiotherapy to the pelvis or brain disrupt fertility the most. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy to pelvis cause temporary amenorrhea or premature ovarian failure in women, and oligospermia or azoospermia in men. Radiotherapy of the brain causes secondary hypogonadism. The damaging effect on fertility of targeted therapy and immunotherapy cannot be ruled out. Conclusions. Cancer treatment can lead to a significant fertility decrease in patients of reproductive age. Therefore, before treatment, the risk of fertility  impairmentshould be assessed and fertility preservation methods should be considered.